The 18th chapter of Uttaratantra of Sushruta Samhita is named as Kriyā Kalpa Adhyaya. This chapter deals with the Therapies of the Eyes.
अथातः क्रियाकल्पं व्याख्यास्यामः ।। १ ।।
यथोवाच भगवान् धन्वन्तरिः ।।२।।
We will now expound the chapter by name Kriyā kalpa – methods of treatment of the eyes; as revealed by the venerable Dhañvañtari.
सर्वशास्त्रार्थतत्त्वज्ञस्तपोदृष्टिरुदारधीः ।।
वैश्वामित्रं शशासाथ शिष्यं काशिपतिर्मुनिः ।। ३ ।।
Sage Divodasa Dhanvantari, who was also known as Kasipati, who had deeply understood the essence of all the sciences and had acquired wide knowledge through penance. He instructed Sushruta, the son of Visvamitra as follows –
तर्पणं पुटपाकश्च सेक आश्योतनाञ्जने ।।
तत्र तत्रोपदिष्टानि तेषां व्यासं निबोध मे ।।४।|
‘So far, I have mentioned the therapies Tarpana, Putapaka, Seka, Ascyotana and Anjana here and there. Now I shall explain them in detail. Listen to the same.’
1. Tarpaņa cikitsa – Nourishing eye bath therapy
संशुद्धदेहशिरसो जीर्णान्नस्य शुभे दिने ।।
पूर्वाहे वाऽपराह्ने वा कार्यमक्ष्णोस्तु तर्पणम् ।। ५ ।।
वातातपरजोहीने वेश्मन्युत्तानशायिनः ।।
आधारौ माषचूर्णेन क्लिन्नेन परिमण्डलौ ।।६।।
समौ दृढावसंबाधौ कर्तव्यौ नेत्रकोशयोः ।।
पूरयेद्धृतमण्डस्य विलीनस्य सुखोदके ।।७।।
आपक्ष्माग्रात्ततः स्थाप्यं पञ्च तद्वाक्शतानि तु ।।
स्वस्थे, कपे षट्, पित्तेऽष्टौ, दश वाते तदुत्तमम् ।।८।।
रोगस्थानविशेषेण केचित् कालं प्रचक्षते ।।
यथाक्रमोपदिष्टेषु त्रीण्येकं पञ्च सप्त च ।।९।।
दश दृष्ट्यामथाष्टौ च वाक्शतानि विभावयेत् ।।
ततश्चापाङ्गतः स्नेहं स्त्रावयित्वाऽक्षि शोधयेत् ।। १० ।।
स्विन्नेन यवपिष्टेन, स्नेहवीर्येरितं ततः |
यथास्वं धूमपानेन कफमस्य विशोधयेत् ||११||
Aksi Tarpana – Below mentioned are the conditions for administering Aksi Tarpana –
– This therapy should be done to the person only after his body and head has been purified by administration of related purificatory therapies.
– It shall be done after the food taken earlier has been properly digested.
– It has to be done on a luscious day, either in the fore noon or afternoon.
Method of doing Aksi Tarpana – The person is made to sleep on a cot with his face up (on his back) in a room devoid of heavy breeze, sunlight and dust. A round well is constructed around the eye socket using moist flour of black gram. The well should be even and have a thick and un-fissured wall.
In this well, scum of ghee which has been melted by keeping it in hot / warm water should be poured till the eye lashes are submerged. The scum should be of the temperature which the eye can tolerate.
| Condition | Time period for which the ghee scum should be retained (allowed to be) in the well |
| Healthy person | Time required to utter five hundred vowels |
| Kapha aggravation / disease | Time required to utter six hundred vowels |
| Pitta aggravation / disease | Time required to utter eight hundred vowels |
| Vata aggravation / disease | Time required to utter ten hundred vowels |
These are said to be the best periods for retaining the medicine in the well.
According to some scholars, the time duration for retaining the medicine is prescribed according to the particular disease, either in three, five, seven, ten and eight hundreds.
After keeping the medicine in the well for prescribed time, the ghee should be allowed to come out (i.e. removed) by making a hole in the wall of the well at the Apanga i.e. outer canthus of the eye. The eye is cleaned of its greasiness. For this purpose, the paste of powder of fried barley flour is used. The residue kapha should next be removed by inhaling smoke of appropriate herbs which expel kapha.
एकाहं वा त्र्यहं वाऽपि पञ्चाहं चेष्यते परम् |
Tarpana is considered to be the best (in providing results) when done once in three or five days.
Tarpana phala: Benefits
तर्पणे तृप्तिलिङ्गानि नेत्रस्येमानि लक्षयेत् ||१२||
सुखस्वप्नावबोधत्वं वैशद्यं वर्णपाटवम् |
निर्वृतिर्व्याधिविध्वंसः क्रियालाघवमेव च ||१३||
Below mentioned are the features (benefits) of Tarpana done properly –
– the person will be able to sleep and awaken comfortably,
– cleanliness of the eyes,
– clarity of colours (of different parts of the eye or colours of vision),
– relief from diseases and
– lightness / easiness of movements of eyelids and eyeballs
Atiyoga and Hinayoga of Tarpana (tarpana done in excess and deficit)
गुर्वाविलमतिस्निग्धमशुकण्डूपदेहवत् ।।
ज्ञेयं दोषसमुत्क्लिष्टं नेत्रमत्यर्थतर्पितम् ।।१४।।
रूक्षमाविलमस्त्राढ्यमसहं रूपदर्शने ।।
व्याधिवृद्धिश्च तज्ज्ञेयं हीनतर्पितमक्षि च ।। १५ ।।
अनयोर्दोषबाहुल्यात् प्रयतेत चिकित्सिते ।।
धूमनस्याञ्जनैः सेकै रूक्षैः स्निग्धैश्च योगवित् ।। १६ । ।
Tarpana Atiyoga – Features of Tarpana done in excess are as below mentioned –
– feeling of heaviness,
– dirtiness / turbidity of the eye,
– excessive unctuousness of eyes,
– flow of tears (in excess),
– itching,
– thickening,
– aggravation of doshas
Tarpana Hinayoga – Features of inadequately done Tarpana are as below mentioned –
– dryness, turbidity and dirty look of the eye,
– lack of tears,
– inability to see (photophobia),
– exacerbation of disease
Both these conditions are predominant of dosha. Therefore, the person should try to treat the person by therapies like inhalation of smoke, collyrium and bathing the eyes with medicines – in dry and unctuous states respectively.
Tarpana phala: Benefits
ताम्यत्यतिविशुष्कं rÉSìÖ¤ÉÇ यच्चातिदारुणम् ।।
शीर्णपक्ष्माविलं जिह्वां रोगक्लिष्टं च यद्धृशम् ।। १७ ।।
तदक्षि तर्पणादेव लभेतोर्जामसंशयम् ।।
In the below mentioned conditions, the eyes will undoubtedly derive strength from Tarpana therapy –
– eyes which have become very inactive,
– eyes which have become dry, rough and hard,
– eyes from which eyelashes have fallen off,
– eyes which are dirty, irregular and afflicted by diseases
Nişiddha kala: Forbidden times
दुर्दिनात्युष्णशीतेषु चिन्तायास भ्रमेषु च ।। १८ ।।
अशान्तोपद्रवे चाक्षिण तर्पणं न प्रशस्यते ।।
Tarpana should not be done in the below mentioned conditions –
– on sunless days,
– very hot and cold days,
– when the person is grief stricken,
– when the person is exhausted,
– when the person is feeling dizzy and
– when the diseases have not subsided
-
Putapāka cikitsā- eye-drops therapy-
पुटपाकस्तथैतेषु, नस्यं येषु च गर्हितम् ।। १९।।
तर्पणार्हा न ये प्रोक्ताः स्नेहपानाक्षमाश्च ये ।।
Below mentioned persons are unsuitable / unfit for putapaka therapy –
– those persons who are forbidden from undergoing (unfit for) the above mentioned Tarpana therapy
– those unfit for nasal medication and
– those unfit for oleation therapy (drinking medicated fats)
ततः प्रशान्तदोषेषु पुटपाकक्षमेषु च ।।२०।।
पुटपाकः प्रयोक्तव्यो नेत्रेषु भिषजा भवेत् ।।
स्नेहनो लेखनीयश्च रोपणीयश्च स त्रिधा ।। २१ ।।
The physician should administer Putapaka –
– after the doshas have subsided and
– to the eyes which can tolerate this therapy
Putapaka is of three kinds. They are –
– Snehana (putapaka) – lubricating
– Lekhana (putapaka) – scarifying and
– Ropana (putapaka) – healing
हितः स्निग्धोऽतिरूक्षस्य स्निग्धस्यापि च लेखनः ।।
दृष्टेर्बलार्थमपरः पित्तासृग्व्रणवातनुत् ।। २२ ।।
Type of Putapaka
| Type of Putapaka | Indications / Benefits |
| Snehana | for very dry eyes |
| Lekhana | very unctuous eyes |
| Ropana | to bestow strength to the sight,
to mitigate pitta, rakta and vata and to heal ulcers |
स्नेहमांसवसामज्जमेदः स्वाद्वौषधैः कृतः ।।
स्नेहनः पुटपाकस्तु धार्यो द्वे वाक्शते तु सः ।। २३ ।।
Snehana Putapaka is made from the below mentioned things –
– fats – ghee, oil etc.
– muscle-fat,
– bone marrow,
– fat and
– herbs predominantly of sweet taste
Time for retention – Sneha should be retained for a time period required for uttering two hundred vowels.
जाङ्गलानां यकृन्मांसैर्लेखनद्रव्यसंभृतैः ।।
कृष्णलोहरजस्ताम्रशङ्खविद्रुमसिन्धुजैः ।। २४ ।।
समुद्रफेनकासीसस्त्रोतोजदधिमस्तुभिः ।।
लेखनो वाक्शतं तस्य परं धारणमुच्यते ।। २५ ।।
Lekhana Putapaka is prepared from the below mentioned –
– liver and meat of animals living in arid regions, processed with powder of scarifying herbs,
– iron, silver,
– copper,
– conch shell, coral,
– saindhava lavana,
– samudraphena,
– kasisa,
– srotonjana and
– dadhimastu
Retention time – They should be retained for a maximum period of time required for uttering one hundred vowels.
स्तन्यजाङ्गलमध्वाज्यतिक्तद्रव्यविपाचितः ।।
लेखनात्रगुणं धार्यः पुटपाकस्तु रोपणः ।। २६ ।।
Ropana Anjana is made from the below mentioned things well cooked –
– breast milk,
– soup of meat of animals living in arid regions,
– honey,
– ghee and
– herbs belonging to the bitter group
Time of retention – This medicine should be retained for thrice the period of lekhana putapaka or time period required for uttering three hundred vowels.
वितरेत्तर्पणोक्तं तु धूमं हित्वा तु रोपणम् ।।
स्नेहस्वेदौ द्वयोः कार्यौ, कार्यो नैव च रोपणे ।। २७ ।।
In snehana and lekhana types of putapaka, dhuma indicated under tarpana therapy should be administered. It should not be done in ropana putapaka. Similarly, oleation and sudation also should be done in snehana and lekhana putapaka and not in ropana putapaka.
एकाहं वा ह्यहं वाऽपि त्र्यहं वाऽप्यवचारणम् ।।
यन्त्रणा तु क्रियाकालाद्विगुणं कालमिष्यते ।। २८ ।।
Putapaka therapy may be done daily or once in two days or once in three days. Restrictions related to foods and activities are for twice the period prescribed for duration of treatment.
तेजांस्यनिलमाकाशमादर्श भास्वराणि च ।।
नेक्षेत तर्पिते नेत्रे पुटपाककृते तथा ।। २९ ।।
Seeing the below mentioned things is contraindicated for those who have been administered tarpana and putapaka therapies –
– bright objects like flames, lamps, lightning etc.
– breeze,
– sky,
– mirror and
– shining objects
मिथ्योपचारादनयोर्यो व्याधिरुपजायते ।।
अञ्जनाश्योतनस्वेदैर्यथास्वं तमुपाचरेत् ।।३०।।
Some diseases would appear due to improper administration of tarpana and putapaka therapies. These diseases should be treated with anjana, ascyotana and svedana, whichever is suitable.
Putapāka phala: Benefits
प्रसन्नवर्णं विशदं वातातपसहं लघु ।।
सुखस्वप्नावबोध्यक्षि पुटपाकगुणान्वितम् ।।३१।।
Below mentioned are the benefits of putapaka –
– eye obtains pleasing colour in its different parts,
– cleanliness of the eyes,
– ability of the eye to bear breeze and sunlight,
– feeling of lightness,
– getting good sleep and
– the person awakens happily
अतियोगाद्वजः शोफः पिडकास्तिमिरोद्गमः ।।
पाकोऽश्रु हर्षणं चापि हीने दोषोद्गमस्तथा ।। ३२।।
Therapies when administered in excess would cause the below mentioned symptoms –
– pain,
– swelling,
– eruptions and
– blindness
Inadequate therapy produces –
– excessive tears,
– tingling and
– aggravation of doshas
Putapāka vidhi: Procedure
अत ऊर्ध्वं प्रवक्ष्यामि पुटपाकप्रसाधनम् ।।
द्वौ बिल्वमात्रौ श्लक्ष्णस्य पिण्डौ मांसस्य पेषितौ ।। ३३ ।।
द्रव्याणां बिल्वमात्रं तु ब्रवाणां कुडवो मतः ।।
तदैकध्यं समालोड्य पत्रैः सुपरिवेष्टितम् ।।३४।।
(काश्मरीकुमुदैरण्डपद्मिनीकदलीभवैः ।।)
मृदावलिप्तमङ्गारैः खादिरैरवकूलयेत् ।।३५ ।।
कतकाश्मन्तकैरण्डपाटलावृषबादरैः ।।
सक्षीरनुमकाष्ठैर्वा गोमयैर्वाऽपि युक्तितः ||३६।।
स्विन्नमुद्धृत्य निष्पीड्य रसमादाय तं नृणाम् ।।
तर्पणोक्तेन विधिना यथावदवचारयेत् ।। ३७ ।।
कनीनके निषेच्यः स्यान्नित्यमुत्तानशायिनः ।।
Next, I shall describe the procedure of doing putapaka.
Meat is macerated well and balls are prepared from the nice paste of this macerated meat. It is taken in 2 bilva (80 grams) quantity.
Paste of medicinal herbs should be taken in one bilva (40 grams) quantity. Likewise, one kudava (160 grams) of liquids is taken.
All the above said things are properly mixed and made into balls. These balls are covered with leaves of the below mentioned –
– kashmiri,
– kumuda,
– eranda,
– padmini or
– kadali
On these, the coating of mud is made and dried well. They are now kept in a heap of burning coal of khadira wood. Alternatively the burning coal of kataka, asmantaka, eranda, patala, vrsa, badara, ksiri vrksa, or cow dung can also be used.
After the balls are properly cooked, they are taken out and allowed to cool. The layers are removed and juice is expressed from the medicines inside the balls. This juice is put into the eyes in a similar way explained for tarpana. It is instilled into the inner canthus when the person is lying with his face up.
रक्ते पित्ते च तौ. शीतौ कोष्णौ वातकफापहौ ।। ३८ ।।
अत्युष्णतीक्ष्णौ सततं दाहपाककरौ स्मृतौ ।।
अप्लुतौ शीतलौ चाश्रुस्तम्भरुग्घर्षकारकौ ।। ३९ ।।
अतिमात्रौ कषायत्वसङ्कोचस्फुरणावहौ ।।
हीनप्रमाणौ दोषाणामुत्क्लेशजननौ भृशम् ।।४० ।।
The drops should be cold in aggravation of rakta and pitta.
Drops should be comfortably warm in aggravation of vata and kapha.
If the drops are very hot and penetrating, they produce burning sensation and ulceration.
If the drops are cold and watery, they stop the flow of tears and cause pain and friction.
Drops used in excess produce roughness, constriction of skin and throbbing.
Drops used in very less quantity would cause great excitation of doshas.
युक्तौ कृतौ दाहशोफरुग्घर्षस्त्रावनाशनौ ।।
कण्डूपदेहदूषीकारक्तराजिविनाशनौ ।। ४१ ।।
तस्मात् परिहरन् दोषान् विदध्यात्तौ सुखावहौ ।।
Snehana and Lekhana Putapaka, when properly administered would mitigate –
– burning sensation,
– swelling,
– pain,
– tingling sensation,
– exudations,
– itching,
– thickening,
– eye exertion,
– red lines
They would also remove the doshas and bestow comfort.
व्यापदश्च यथादोषं नस्यधूमाञ्जनैर्जयेत् ।।४२ ।।
Below mentioned therapies should be administered to cure the complications arising from this therapy –
– nasal drops,
– inhalation of smoke and
– applying collyrium
आद्यन्तयोश्चाप्यनयोः स्वेद उष्णाम्बुचैलिकः ।।
तथा हितोऽवसाने च धूमः श्लेष्मसमुच्छ्रितौ ।। ४३ ।।
Fomentation to the eye with cloth dipped in hot water is beneficial at the beginning and end of these therapies. At the end of the therapies, inhalation of smoke should be given, to remove the accumulated kapha.
3. Aścyotana and seka – eye-bath therapies
यथादोषोपयुक्तं तु नातिप्रबलमोजसा ।।
रोगमाश्योतनं हन्ति सेकंस्तु बलवत्तरम् ।।४४।।
Aścyotana therapy quickly cures the diseases when they are administered in accordance with the aggravated doshas (disease causing doshas), especially so when these diseases are not very strong (those which are not very severe or dreadful). On the other hand, seka cures even those diseases which are very strong and dreadful.
(Seka or Pariseka includes the act of pouring medicated liquids either on the entire body or any one particular part of the body. Liquids such as water, milk, buttermilk, medicated decoction or oil, urines or even meat soup can be used for this purpose. The liquids can be used either warm or cold, depending on the disease and disease causing dosha).
तौ त्रिधैवोपयुज्येते रोगेषु पुटपाकवत् ।।
These therapies are also administered in three forms / methods just like putapaka i.e. snehana, lekhana and ropana.
लेखने सप्त चाष्टौ वा बिन्दवः स्नैहिके दश ।। ४५ ।।
आश्च्योतने प्रयोक्तव्या द्वादशैव तु रोपणे |४६|
| Type of Ascyotana | Number of drops to be instilled in the eye |
| Lekhana | seven to eight drops |
| Snehana | ten drops |
| Ropana | twelve drops |
सेकस्य द्विगुणः कालः पुटपाकात् परो मतः ।।४६ ।।
अथवा कार्यनिर्वृत्तेरुपयोगो यथाक्रमम् ।।
The time of retention of medicine for seka is double the time indicated for the retention of putapaka. Alternatively it can be done till the disease gets relieved.
पूर्वापराहे मध्याह्ने रुजाकालेषु चोभयोः ।। ४७ ।।
योगायोगात् स्नेहसेके तर्पणोक्तान् प्रचक्षते ।।
For both these therapies, the time of doing them is flexible and can be done either in the forenoon, afternoon, midday or when there is pain.
Features of properly and improperly (excess or poor) administered snehana ascyotana and seka therapies are similar to those described under tarpana therapy.
4. Sirobasti: Enema to the head
रोगाञ्छिरसि संभूतान् हत्वाऽतिप्रबलान् गुणान् ।। ४८ ।।
करोति शिरसो बस्तिरुक्ता ये मूर्धतैलिकाः ।।
शुद्धदेहस्य सायाह्ने यथाव्याध्यशितस्य तु ।। ४ ९ ।।
ऋज्वासीनस्य बध्नीयाद्वस्तिकोशं ततो दृढम् ।।
यथाव्याधिशृतस्नेहपूर्णं संयम्य धारयेत् ।।५० ।।
तर्पणोक्तं दशगुणं यथादोषं विधानवित् ।।
Sirobasti in which medicated oil is pooled over the head, is one among the murdha taila procedures (oil therapies done on the head). It cures diseases arising in the head. It also bestows highly beneficial effects in these conditions.
Sirobasti should be administered only to those persons who have been given with body purification therapies i.e. emesis, purgation, enema etc. It shall be done at evenings, to the person who has taken food. It should be done with liquids suitable to the disease.
The person who is to be given Sirobasti therapy should be instructed by the physician to sit straight on a stool. A basti kosa i.e. cap like receptacle designed to hold the oil is tied around the head. Medicated oil appropriate to the disease is now filled in that cap. The patient is instructed to retain the oil carefully for ten times the period of time prescribed for Aksi Tarpana therapy. It should also be in accordance with the aggravated dosha.
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Anjana karma – Collyrium therapy:-
व्यक्तरूपेषु दोषेषु शुद्धकायस्य केवले ||५१||
नेत्र एव स्थिते दोषे प्राप्तमञ्जनमाचरेत् |
लेखनं रोपणं चापि प्रसादनमथापि वा ||५२||
Anjana therapy should be administered to the persons who have been purified earlier by administration of emesis, purgation etc. therapies, especially when the doshas are exhibiting their symptoms and are residing in the eyes only.
It can be used in the form of lekhana, ropana or prasadana anjana, as and when needed.
Lekhana Anjana: Sacrificing collyrium
तत्र पञ्च रसान् व्यस्तानाद्यैकरसवर्जितान् |
पञ्चधा लेखनं युञ्ज्याद्यथादोषमतन्द्रितः ||५३||
Herbs having five tastes except sweet taste should be used in preparation of Anjana recipe. It shall be made in five different kinds with each taste separately and in accordance with the aggravated doshas.
नेत्रवर्त्मसिराकोशस्रोतःशृङ्गाटकाश्रितम् |
मुखनासाक्षिभिर्दोषमोजसा स्रावयेत्तु तत् ||५४||
The action of collyrium can be thus explained. The collyriums of the kinds explained above, by the virtue of their power, make the doshas flow out from veins and cavities of the eyelids, srngata marma, face, mouth, nose and eyes.
कषायं तिक्तकं वाऽपि सस्नेहं रोपणं मतम् |
तत्स्नेहशैत्याद्वर्ण्यं स्याद्दृष्टेश्च बलवर्धनम् ||५५||
Ropana Anjana should be prepared from the herbs predominantly having astringent or bitter tastes along with little amount of fats i.e. ghee or oil.
It is unctuous and cold on the property. This anjana bestows good colour to the eyes and increases the power of vision.
मधुरं स्नेहसम्पन्नमञ्जनं तु प्रसादनम् |
दृष्टिदोषप्रसादार्थं स्नेहनार्थं च तद्धितम् ||५६||
That collyrium (Anjana) which is sweet in taste and rich in unctuousness is soothing and pleasant to the eyes. It is beneficial for correcting defects of vision and for providing proper lubrication (unctuous nourishment) to the eyes.
Prasdana Anjana: Soothing Collyrium
यथादोषं प्रयोज्यानि तानि रोगविशारदैः |
अञ्जनानि यथोक्तानि प्राह्णसायाह्नरात्रिषु ||५७||
They should be administered by the eye specialists in accordance with aggravated doshas. It can be applied during the forenoon, afternoon / evening or nights.
Anjana prakara – forms of collyrium
गुटिकारसचूर्णानि त्रिविधान्यञ्जनानि तु |
यथापूर्वं बलं तेषां श्रेष्ठमाहुर्मनीषिणः ||५८||
Below mentioned are the three kinds of collyrium –
– Gutika Anjana – in the form of pills, dragee, small cylindrical shaped sticks
– Rasa Aanjana – Rasakriya – in the form of thick decoction which looks like jelly
– Curna Anjana – in the form of powder
Among these three kinds of collyrium, the wise experts say that each preceding one is stronger and best in comparison to their succeeding ones.
Anjana matra – dose of collyriums
हरेणुमात्रा वर्तिः स्याल्लेखनस्य प्रमाणतः |
प्रसादनस्य चाध्यर्धा द्विगुणा रोपणस्य च ||५९||
रसाञ्जनस्य मात्रा तु यथावर्तिमिता मता ।।
द्वित्रिचतुःशलाकाश्च चूर्णस्याप्यनुपूर्वशः || ६० ।।
Varti / Gutika Anjana –
– for lekhana purpose (scarification) – should be used in one harenu quantity (1-2 mg appr)
– for prasadana (strengthening) – one and half of harenu,
– for ropana (healing) – double the quantity i.e. two times of harenu
Rasakriya Anjana – The quantity of collyrium from Rasakriya is the same as that indicated for Varti / Gutika Anjana (above).
Curna Anjana – The quantity of collyrium in powder form should be such that it adheres to a metal rod. Its quantity should be two, three and four times for the purpose of lekhana, ropana and prasadana respectively.
Anjana pātra – receptacle / fillet of collyrium
तेषां तुल्यगुणान्येव विदध्याद्भाजनान्यपि ।।
सौवर्ण राजतं शार्ङ्ग ताम्रं वैदूर्यकांस्यजम् ।। ६१ ।।
आयसानि च योज्यानि शलाकाश्च यथाक्रमम् ।।
The receptacle i.e. container which holds the anjana should also have similar properties. It should have been prepared from the below mentioned –
– gold,
– silver,
– animal horn,
– copper,
– berly,
– bronze or
– iron
Similarly, anjana salaka i.e. collyrium rod should also have similar properties and should be made from the above said materials.
They should be used according to their qualities.
Anjana salāka – collyrium rod
वक्रयोर्मुकुलाकारा कलायपरिमण्डला ।। ६२ ।।
अष्टाङ्गुला तनुर्मध्ये सुकृता साधुनिग्रहा ।।
औदुम्बर्यश्मजा वाऽपि शारीरी वा हिता भवेत् ।। ६३ ।।
The shape and dimensions of the anjana salaka i.e. rod selected for serving collyrium should be as mentioned below –
– shape – should resemble that of a flower bud at its face (front tip),
– circumference (diameter, thickness) – should be equal to that of a kalaya (round pea),
– length – eight angula (16cm),
– middle portion – should be thin,
– it should be prepared well and should be regular, even, smooth and strong and
– suitable to be held with hand (of the physician / surgeon),
– materials used for preparing the rod – copper, stone or horn of animals like goats, ram etc.
Anjana vidhi – procedure of applying collyrium
वामेनाक्षि विनिर्भुज्य हस्तेन सुसमाहितः ।।
शलाकया दक्षिणेन क्षिपेत् कानीनमञ्जनम् ।।६४ ।।n
आपाङ्ग्यं वा यथायोगं कुर्याच्चापि गतागतम् ।।
वर्मोपलेपि वा यत्तदङ्गुल्यैव प्रयोजयेत् ।। ६५ ।।
अक्षि नात्यन्तयोरञ्ज्याद्वाधमानोऽपि वा भिषक् ।।
The physician should open the eye of the patient with his left hand. Holding the collyrium rod in his right hand, the physician should apply collyrium either at the inner canthus or outer canthus, as found convenient. Alternatively, collyrium should be applied to the inner side of the eyelids using the finger itself. Even if the eyes are painful, collyrium should be applied slightly at both the ends (inner and outer canthus) of the eye.
न चानिर्वान्तदोषेऽक्षिण धावनं संप्रयोजयेत् ।।६६ ।।
दोषः प्रतिनिवृत्तः सन् हन्याद् दृष्टेर्बलं तथा ।।
The collyrium should not be washed away before the doshas have been expelled out properly. If washed, the doshas will return back to their earlier state and destroy the strength of the vision.
Pratyanjana – counter collyrium
गतदोषमपेताश्रु पश्येद्यत् सम्यगम्भसा ।। ६७ ।।
प्रक्षाल्याक्षि यथादोषं कार्यं प्रत्यञ्जनं ततः ।।
The eyes should be washed so as to remove the collyrium –
– after the doshas and rears have been properly expelled out and
– when the person is able to see the things present under water
Following this, Pratyanjana – counter collyrium appropriate to the dosha should be applied.
Anjana anarha – contraindications
श्रमोदावर्तरुदितमद्यक्रोधभयज्वरैः ।।६८ ।।
वेगाघातशिरोदोषैश्चार्तानां नेष्यतेऽञ्जनम् ।।
रागरुक्तिमिरास्त्रावशूलसंरम्भसंभवात् ।। ६ ९ ।।
Persons suffering from the below mentioned conditions are not suitable for anjana therapy –
– fatigue,
– upward movement of vata (upward peristalsis),
– crying from sorrow,
– drinking or addicted to wine,
– anger,
– fear,
– fever,
– suppression of urges,
– accumulation of doshas in the head or diseases of the head,
If done, there are chances that redness, pain, blindness, exudation, and swelling occurs in the eyes.
निद्राक्षये क्रियाशक्तिं , प्रवाते दृग्बलक्षयम् ।।
रजोधूमहते रागस्त्रावाधीमन्थसंभवम् ।।७० ।।
संरम्भशूलौ नस्यान्ते , शिरोरुजि शिरोरुजम् ।।
शिरः स्नातेऽतिशीते च रवावनुदितेऽपि च ।। ७१ ।।
दोषस्थैर्यादपार्थं स्याद्दोषोत्क्लेशं क रोति च ।।
अजीर्णेऽप्येवमेव स्यात् स्त्रोतोमार्गावरोधनात् ।। ७२ ।।
दोषवेगोदये दत्तं कुर्यात्तांस्तानुपद्रवान् ।
तस्मात् परिहरन् दोषानञ्जनं साधु योजयेत् ।।७३ ।।
लेखनस्य विशेषेण काल एष प्रकीर्तितः ।।
| Situation when collyrium is applied | Effect |
| When there is loss of sleep | Difficulty in movement of eyelids (eyelids lose inability to work / function) |
| During exposure to heavy breeze | Loss of strength of vision |
| When eyes are troubled by dust and smoke | Reddish discolouration of eyes,
Exudation / Lacrimation and Adhimantha |
| Applied at close of nasal medication | Swelling and pain |
| During diseases of the head | Headaches |
| After head bath, during very cold times or before sunrise | Elimination of doshas becomes difficult
Aggravation of doshas |
| During indigestion | Same effects as above, due to obstruction of channels of doshas |
| During excitation of doshas | More excitation of doshas
Complications caused by those doshas |
Hence, collyrium should be applied in appropriate manner, avoiding the above said situations.
The times mentioned above are mainly applicable to lekhana anjana.
व्यापदश्च जयेदेताः सेकाश्योतनलेपनैः ।।७४ ।।
यथास्वं धूमकवलैर्नस्यैश्चापि समुत्थिताः ।।
Below mentioned therapies should be administered to treat these complications –
– Seka – pouring / streaming medicinal liquids
– Ascyotana – eye drops / bathing the eye
– Lepa – external application of medicinal pastes
– Dhuma – inhalation of medicated smoke
– Kavala – mouth gargles and
– Nasya – nasal drops
Lekhana samyagādi yoga – features of proper therapy etc
विशदं लघ्वनास्त्रावि क्रियापटु सुनिर्मलम् ।।७५ ।।
सशान्तोपद्रवं नेत्रं विरिक्तं सम्यगादिशेत् ।।
जिह्यं दारुणदुर्वर्णं स्त्रस्तं रूक्षमतीव च ।।७६ ।।
नेत्रं विरेकातियोगे स्यन्दते चातिमात्रशः ।।
तत्र संतर्पणं कार्यं विधानं चानिलापहम् ।।७७ ।।
अक्षि मन्दविरिक्तं स्यादुदप्रतरदोषवत् ।।
धूमनस्याञ्जनैस्तत्र हितं दोषावसेचनम् ।। ७८ ।।
Below mentioned are the features of samyak yoga of lekhana – scarification of eyes –
– eyes become clean and light,
– absence of exudations,
– keenness of activities of eyes,
– complications get subsided
Features of Atiyoga – excess therapy –
– irregularity of eyes,
– dreadful appearance of eyes,
– discolouration of eyes,
– drooping of eyelids,
– severe dryness in the eyes,
– excess flow of tears
Treatment – Tarpana should be done to the eye. Vata mitigating therapies should also be done.
Features of Hinayoga – inadequate therapy – The signs are similar to those of great aggravation of doshas.
Treatment – Doshas should be expelled by administration of smoke inhalation and application of collyrium.
Prasādana samyagādi yoga – features of prasadana therapy
स्नेहवर्णबलोपेतं प्रसन्नं दोषवर्जितम् ।।
ज्ञेयं प्रसादने सम्यगुपयुक्तेऽक्षि निर्वृतम् ।। ७ ९ ।।
किञ्चिद्धीनविकारं स्यात्तर्पणाद्धि कृतादति ।।
तत्र दोषहरं रूक्षं भेषजं शस्यते मृदु ।।८० ।।
Below mentioned are the features obtained due to samyak yoga i.e. properly applied Prasadana Anjana –
– unctuousness of eyes,
– colour and strength of the eyes have become normal,
– eyes are pleasing to look at and
– absence of signs of aggravation of doshas
Features of hinayoga (inadequate therapy) -are same as those produced by tarpana therapy.
Treatment – Dosha mitigating measures in dry (without fats) and mild form should be adopted.
Ropana añjana samyagyogādi
साधारणमपि ज्ञेयमेवं रोपणलक्षणम् ।।
प्रसादनवदाचष्टे तस्मिन् युक्तेऽतिभेषजम् ।। ८१ ।।
Features of ropaṇa anjana properly applied – The features of proper application of healing collyrium should be generally understood by signs of healing of ulcers.
Features of excessively done ropana anjana – are same as the features of excessively done prasadana anjana therapy.
स्नेहनं रोपणं वाऽपि हीनयुक्तमपार्थकम् ।।
कर्तव्यं मात्रया तस्मादञ्जनं सिद्धिमिच्छता ।। ८२ । ।
Snehana or Ropana Anjana therapies administered inadequately will become useless. Therefore, a physician who is desirous of success should administer collyrium therapies in proper measures.
पुटपाकक्रियाद्यासु क्रियास्वेषैव कल्पना ।।
सहस्रशश्चाञ्जनेषु बीजेनोक्तेन पूजिताः ।।८३ ।।
Hundreds of recipes can be prepared and used based on and deriving ideas from the seed (essence) of the therapies like putapaka, anjana etc. which have been described so far.
दृष्टेर्बलविवृद्ध्यर्थं याप्यरोगक्षयाय च ।।
राजार्हान्यञ्जनाग्र्याणि निबोधेमान्यतः परम् ।।८४ ।।
After this, many important recipes of collyrium suitable to be used by kings, for increasing power of vision and for mitigation of persistent diseases will be described by me.
Cūrnāñjana
अष्टौ भागानञ्जनस्य नीलोत्पलसमत्विषः ।।
औदुम्बरं शातकुम्भं राजतं च समासतः || ८५ ।।
एकादशैतान् भागांस्तु योजयेत् कुशलो भिषक् ।।
मूषाक्षिप्तं तदाध्मातमावृतं जातवेदसि ।।८६ ।।
खदिराश्मन्तकाङ्गारैर्गोशकृद्धिरथापि वा ।।
गवां शकृद्रसे मूत्रे दध्नि सर्पिषि माक्षिके ।। ८७ ।।
तैलमद्यवसामज्जसर्वगन्धोदकेषु च ।।
द्राक्षारसेक्षुत्रिफलारसेषु सुहिमेषु च || ८८ ||
सारिवादिकषाये च कषाये चोत्पलादिके ।।
निषेचयेत् पृथक् चैनं ध्मातं ध्मातं पुनः पुनः ।। ८ ९ ।।
ततोऽन्तरीक्षे सप्ताहं प्लोतबद्धं स्थितं जले ।।
विशोष्य चूर्णयेन्मुक्तां स्फटिकं विद्रुमं तथा ।। ९ ० ।।
कालानुसारिवां चापि शुचिरावाप्य योगतः ।।
एतच्चूर्णाञ्जनं श्रेष्ठं निहितं भाजने शुभे ।। ९ १ ।।
दन्तस्फटिकवैदूर्यशङ्खशैलासनोद्भवे ।।
शातकुम्भेऽथ शार्ङ्ग वा राजते वा सुसंस्कृते ।।
सहस्रपाकवत् पूजां कृत्वा राज्ञः प्रयोजयेत् ।। ९ २ ।।
तेनाञ्जिताक्षो नृपतिर्भवेत् सर्वजनप्रियः ।।
अधृष्यः सर्वभूतानां दृष्टिरोगविवर्जितः ।। ९ ३ ।।
Eight parts of – Anjana – sauviranjana or srotonjana resembling a blue lily flower in colour should be taken.
One part each of – Audumbara – copper, Satakumbha – gold and Rajata – silver should be taken.
All together it would be eleven parts of the above said ingredients.
They should all be put into a crucible, cooked and melted by the skilled physician. The crucible should be heated on the fire of one of the below mentioned fuels –
– wood of khadira or asmantaka or
– heaps of dry cow dung
Afterwards, the ingredients are taken out and soaked in the below mentioned liquids –
– juice of fresh cow dung,
– cow’s urine,
– curd,
– ghee,
– honey,
– oil,
– wine,
– muscle-fat,
– bone marrow,
– solution of sarvagandha – fragrant herbs like ela, karpura, candana etc.
– juice of draksa or iksu,
– triphala decoction,
– decoction of herbs belonging to sarivadi gana or utpaladi gana group
Cooking (melting) them repeatedly, these ingredients should be soaked in the above said liquids one after the other. The liquids should be in a cold state.
After this, it is tied in a piece of cloth and kept immersed in a pot of rain water for a period of seven days. Afterwards, it is taken out and dried.
Later it is added with the below mentioned ingredients and made into nice powder –
– mukta,
– sphatika,
– vidruma and
– kalanusariva
This nice powder is filled into a container made from elephant tusk, rock crystal, berly, conch shell, stone, wood of asana, satakumbha i.e. gold, srnga i.e. horn of animals and rajata i.e. silver.
Then, it is worshipped as described in Sahasrapaka Bala Taila (Chikitsa Sthana – Chapter 4). It is later administered to the king.
When this best Curnanjana is applied to the king, he becomes loved by all the people, conquers all the living beings and would become free of all the diseases of the eye.
Bhadrodaya añjana curṇa
कुष्ठं चन्दनमेलाश्च पत्रं मधुकमञ्जनम् ।।
मेषशृङ्गस्य पुष्पाणि वक्रं रत्नानि सप्त च । । ९ ४ । ।
उत्पलस्य बृहत्योश्च पद्मस्यापि च केशरम् ।।
नागपुष्पमुशीराणि पिप्पली तुत्यमुत्तमम् ।। ९ ५ ।।
कुक्कुटाण्डकपालानि दाव पथ्यां सरोचनाम् ।।
मरिचान्यक्षमज्जानं तुल्यां च गृहगोपिकाम् ।। ९ ६ ।।
कृत्वा सूक्ष्मं ततश्चर्णं न्यसेदभ्यर्च्य पूर्ववत् ।।
एतद्भद्रोदयं नाम सदैवार्हति भूमिपः ।। ९ ७ ।।
Equal parts of the below mentioned ingredients are taken and powdered into nice powder –
– Kustha,
– Candana,
– Ela,
– Patra,
– Madhuka,
– Anjana,
– Flowers of Mesasrnga,
– Vakra – Tagara,
– Seven Ratnas – precious stones,
– Utpala Brhati and Padma Kesara,
– Nagakesara,
– Usira,
– Pippali,
– Best quality Tuttha,
– Kukkutanda Kapala – shells of hen’s eggs
– Darvi,
– Pathya,
– Gorocana,
– Marica,
– Aksa Majja and
– Grha Gopika – house lizard
This powder is preserved after offering worship as explained earlier.
This recipe is known as Bhadrodaya Anjana. It is always suitable for use by the kings.
वक्रं समरिचं चैव मांसीं शैलेयमेव च |
तुल्यांशानि समानैस्तैः समग्रैश्च मनःशिला ||९८||
पत्रस्य भागाश्चत्वारो द्विगुणं सर्वतोऽञ्जनम् |
तावच्च यष्टीमधुकं पूर्ववच्चैतदञ्जनम् ||९९||
Equal parts of Vakra – Tagara, Marica, Mamsi and Saileya are taken. To this is added with Manassila, in a quantity equal to all the other ingredients. Also, Patra – four parts and Anjana i.e. Sauviranjana – double the quantity of all and Yastimadhuka – equal quantity are taken. All these are made into nice powder and used as described earlier.
मनःशिलां देवकाष्ठं रजन्यौ त्रिफलोषणम् |
लाक्षालशुनमञ्जिष्ठासैन्धवैलाः समाक्षिकाः ||१००||
रोध्रं सावरकं चूर्णमायसं ताम्रमेव च |
कालानुसारिवां चैव कुक्कुटाण्डदलानि च ||१०१||
तुल्यानि पयसा पिष्ट्वा गुटिकां कारयेद्बुधः |
कण्डूतिमिरशुक्लार्मरक्तराज्युपशान्तये ||१०२||
Equal parts of the below mentioned ingredients are taken –
– Manassila,
– Devakastha,
– Two kinds of Rajani,
– Triphala,
– Usana,
– Lasuna,
– Manjistha,
– Saindhava,
– Ela,
– Maksika,
– Sabara,
– Rodhra,
– Powder of iron and copper,
– Kalanusariva,
– Shell of the hens egg
These ingredients are macerated in milk and made into pills (dragees).
When this is used as collyrium, it mitigates itching, blindness, suklarma – white pterygium and red striae of the eyes.
कांस्यापमार्जनमसी मधुकं सैन्धवं तथा |
एरण्डमूलं च समं बृहत्यंशद्वयान्वितम् ||१०३||
आजेन पयसा पिष्ट्वा ताम्रपात्रं प्रलेपयेत् |
सप्तकृत्वस्तु ता वर्त्यश्छायाशुष्का रुजापहाः ||१०४||
Equal parts of Ash of dirt (washings) of bronze, Madhuka, Saindhava and roots of Eranda are taken. It is added with Brhati in a quantity, double the quantity of all other ingredients. They are all macerated with goat’s milk and pasted on a copper vessel. This process is done seven times. Then it is dried in shade and made into wicks (sticks / dragees). When this is applied as collyrium, it relieves pain in the eyes.
पथ्यातुत्थकयष्ट्याह्रैस्तुल्यैर्मरिचषोडशा ।।
पथ्या सर्वविकारेषु वर्तिः शीताम्बुपेषिता ।। १०५ ।।
Equal quantities of Pathya, Tutthaka and Yastyahva are added with sixteen parts of Marica. All these are macerated with cold water and made into wicks (dragees). This recipe used as collyrium is the best in the treatment of all eye diseases.
रसक्रियाविधानेन यथोक्तविधिकोविदः ।।
पिण्डाञ्जनानि कुर्वीत यथायोगमतन्द्रितः ।। १०६ ।।
Following and adopting the procedure of preparing Rasakriya, a learned physician can prepare many Pindanjana – solid collyrium, as suitable to the needs, without any difficulty.
इति श्रीसुश्रुतसंहितायामुत्तरतन्त्रान्तर्गते शालाक्यतन्त्रे क्रियाकल्पो नामाष्टादशोऽध्यायः ।। १८ ।।
Thus ends the eighteenth chapter by name Kriyakalpa in Uttara Sthāna of Suśruta Samhita .
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